Venous Disease - The Vascular & Endovascular Clinic

什么是静脉疾病？

Venous disease refers to a group of conditions that affect the veins responsible for returning blood from the body back to the heart. When vein valves become weakened, damaged or blocked, blood can pool within the veins, resulting in increased pressure, swelling and a variety of symptoms that range from cosmetic concerns to serious medical complications.

Venous disease is one of the most common vascular conditions worldwide and may affect adults of all ages. While some conditions such as spider veins are largely cosmetic, others—including deep vein thrombosis and chronic venous insufficiency – can lead to significant health problems if left untreated.

Fortunately, advances in minimally invasive vascular treatments now allow many venous conditions to be treated with little downtime while preserving healthy vein function.

How do healthy veins work?

Veins return oxygen-depleted blood from the body back to the heart. Because blood in the legs must travel against gravity, veins rely on one-way valves and the calf muscles to maintain forward blood flow.

Every time you walk, your calf muscles act as a “second heart”, squeezing the veins and pushing blood upwards. Healthy vein valves prevent blood from flowing backwards.

When these valves weaken or become damaged, blood leaks backwards (venous reflux), causing increased pressure within the veins. Over time, this may lead to varicose veins, chronic venous insufficiency, leg swelling and skin changes.

什么导致静脉曲张？

静脉曲张和蜘蛛静脉的原因尚不清楚。医学专业人士尚未完全理解为什么会发生这种情况，但他们确实知道存在某些风险因素。遗传，尤其是女性遗传，在某种程度上与衰老和怀孕一起发挥着作用。静脉问题，尤其是腿部静脉，比您想象的更常见，甚至可能影响 20 岁的年轻人！

影响小腿肌肉“肌肉泵”效率的问题（例如膝盖骨关节炎和活动能力差）与静脉曲张有关。从事某些需要长时间站立或坐着的职业也会使您容易患上静脉曲张，因为它们会影响腿部的静脉。

好消息是，通过正确的治疗和护理，静脉曲张及其相关的并发症可以得到治疗。

Condition	Description	Common Symptoms	Severity
Spider Veins (Telangiectasia)	Small, dilated blood vessels that appear close to the surface of the skin. They are usually cosmetic and rarely affect circulation.	Visible red, blue or purple veins, cosmetic concerns	Mild
静脉曲张	Enlarged, twisted veins caused by weakened vein valves that allow blood to flow backwards (venous reflux), resulting in blood pooling within the veins.	Bulging veins, aching, heaviness, itching, leg fatigue, swelling	Mild to Moderate
Chronic Venous Insufficiency (CVI)	A long-term condition where damaged vein valves reduce the efficient return of blood to the heart, causing increased pressure within the leg veins.	Leg swelling, skin changes, heaviness, aching, venous eczema	Moderate to Severe
深静脉血栓形成 (DVT)	A blood clot forms within a deep vein, usually in the leg. Without prompt treatment, part of the clot may travel to the lungs and cause a pulmonary embolism.	Sudden leg swelling, pain, warmth, redness	Potentially Life-threatening
Superficial Thrombophlebitis	Inflammation and clotting within a superficial vein. Although generally less serious than DVT, medical assessment is recommended to exclude deeper vein involvement.	Painful tender vein, redness, local swelling	Mild to Moderate
腿部静脉溃疡	Open wounds that usually develop around the ankle due to long-standing chronic venous insufficiency and poor venous circulation.	Slow-healing wound, skin discoloration, swelling, pain	Severe
盆腔充血综合征	Enlarged pelvic veins caused by poor venous drainage, commonly affecting women and leading to chronic pelvic pain.	Chronic pelvic pain, pelvic heaviness, pain after standing	Moderate
May-Thurner Syndrome (Iliac Vein Compression Syndrome)	The left iliac vein becomes compressed by the overlying artery, reducing blood flow and increasing the risk of DVT in the left leg.	Left leg swelling, pain, recurrent DVT	Potentially Serious

又累又痛的腿
抽筋
四肢肿胀、沉重、小腿颜色变化，尤其是棕色色素沉着
皮肤干燥和瘙痒
出血、下肢静脉溃疡和血块

什么是静脉曲张？

静脉曲张是CVI的一种表现，是异常扩张的静脉，可见于腿部、脚踝和足部的皮肤表面，尤其是站立时。它们呈蓝色或紫色，表现为腿部的蜘蛛静脉，本质上可能呈块状、扭曲或凸出。

与 CVI 相关的其他条件包括：

静脉曲张性湿疹：皮肤斑块变红、发痒并呈鳞状。静脉曲张性湿疹通常发生在小腿、脚踝或受影响的静脉上。
脂肪皮肤硬化症：曲张静脉上方的皮肤变得脆弱，呈粉红色或棕色，摸起来紧绷、坚硬。该区域的进一步损伤可能会导致腿部溃疡。
四肢肿胀、沉重、小腿颜色变化，尤其是棕色色素沉着
淋巴水肿：淋巴系统受损，导致脚、脚踝或脚趾肿胀。
皮炎：皮肤表面发痒、发炎的皮疹。蜂窝组织炎：一种严重的皮肤感染，导致皮肤软组织发炎。

是否需要评估？

需要进行评估以确定静脉曲张的根本原因。您的病史、检查和超声波扫描都用于确定所需治疗的类型和程度。需要进行超声波检查来确定静脉回流（血液回流）的程度、静脉曲张的严重程度和解剖结构，这可以指导血管专家提供建议最好的治疗方法.

治疗方案

我们在新加坡为静脉曲张患者提供全方位有效的静脉曲张治疗方案。

传统开放性静脉曲张手术

治疗可能会很痛苦，并且需要大量的休息和休息，但对于某些类型的静脉曲张来说，这仍然是最佳选择。

钩形静脉切除术是一种补充技术，通过非常小的切口从主干静脉去除曲张侧枝，通常只需要一针即可闭合。这是一种有效的微创技术，可去除皮肤表面凸起的难看的扭曲静脉。该技术可与剥离主干静脉的开放手术或微波、ClariVein® 或胶水消融等微创消融技术结合使用。

我们提供一系列微创手术作为传统开放性静脉曲张手术的替代方案，包括：

腔内热技术

激光、射频和微波消融

静脉内非热选项

氰基丙烯酸酯胶 (VenaSeal™)、机械化学消融（MOCA – 或 ClariVein®）和泡沫硬化疗法。

Flebogrif® 是另一种无需手术、无痛即可治疗静脉曲张的微创、安全、有效的新方法。与 ClariVein® 一样，它是一种机械化学静脉内消融术，具有不需要加热的优点，因此没有神经损伤的风险。 VEC 的 Tang 医生是新加坡第一个使用该设备治疗静脉曲张的人，并拥有治疗膝盖以下躯干反流的地方。

泡沫硬化疗法

泡沫硬化疗法被认为是治疗静脉曲张和蜘蛛状静脉的首选方法，尤其是小静脉。在此，将溶液直接注入静脉。该溶液会导致静脉留下疤痕并迫使血液重新流经更健康的静脉，然后塌陷的静脉被重新吸收并消退。

优点：

无需手术
减少静脉曲张的出现
恢复时间短且容易
精准治疗区
最小的副作用
静脉曲张泡沫硬化疗法

微硬化疗法

微硬化疗法是一种用于静脉曲张治疗的技术，用于治疗腿部皮肤表面的较小静脉，例如腿部的蜘蛛静脉或线状静脉。这是一个相对简单的过程，涉及将液体硬化剂注射到静脉中。

该解决方案会导致静脉留下疤痕，并迫使血液重新流经更健康的静脉。塌陷的静脉会被吸收，然后会随着时间的推移而消失。微硬化疗法是治疗心脏以下线状静脉的最佳治疗方法。

高强度聚焦超声 (HIFU)

我们也是东南亚最早提供 HIFU 的诊所之一，这是一种使用超声波治疗静脉曲张的真正无创的新方法。与其他静脉曲张治疗相比，HIFU 具有巨大的优势，因为没有任何东西插入静脉，因此不存在出血或静脉内任何物质破裂并可能进入肺部的风险。

这些在理论上都可以通过一个或几个小针刺来完成。有时，我们确实会同时提供这些主要疗法以相互补充，同时提供门诊静脉切除术（小切口以去除较大的分支静脉）。

血管内超声评估、静脉成形术（球囊扩张）和支架置入术

(IVUS) 和深静脉球囊扩张术和支架置入术 – 在某些晚期 CVI 的情况下，特别是在腿部出现广泛血栓后，我们将调查腹部/骨盆的主要静脉是否有任何疤痕或受压，如果是这样，我们可能会进行提供锁孔手术，使用特殊的超声镜来更仔细地评估阻塞的程度，当阻塞严重时，我们可以插入气球和支架（一种特殊的金属支架）来打开阻塞的静脉，使血液更有效地从阻塞的静脉回流。腿。

Can venous disease be cured?

The answer depends on the type and severity of the venous disease. Many forms of venous disease can be effectively treated and well controlled, but damaged vein valves do not naturally repair themselves.

Modern minimally invasive treatments such as radiofrequency ablation, endovenous laser ablation (EVLA), VenaSeal®, ClariVein®, Flebogrif® and ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy can close or remove diseased veins, relieve symptoms and improve blood flow through healthier veins. These treatments can significantly reduce pain, swelling and the risk of complications while improving quality of life.

Although treated veins usually do not return, venous disease is a chronic condition, and new varicose veins or areas of venous reflux may develop over time, particularly in people with a family history of vein disease or ongoing risk factors. Regular follow-up, maintaining a healthy weight, staying physically active and following your vascular specialist’s advice can help reduce the risk of recurrence and support long-term vein health.

What are the early signs and symptoms of venous disease?

Early symptoms of venous disease may include aching or heavy legs, swelling around the ankles, visible spider or varicose veins, leg cramps, itching and a feeling of tiredness after prolonged standing or sitting. As the condition progresses, skin discolouration, thickened skin and venous leg ulcers may develop.

Can venous disease be treated without surgery?

Yes. Many patients can be treated without traditional surgery. Depending on the severity of the condition, treatment may include compression stockings, regular exercise, weight management and minimally invasive procedures such as radiofrequency ablation, endovenous laser ablation, foam sclerotherapy, ClariVein®, VenaSeal® or Flebogrif®. Your vascular specialist will recommend the most appropriate treatment based on your symptoms and ultrasound findings.

What happens if venous disease is left untreated?

Untreated venous disease may gradually worsen over time. While mild cases may initially cause only cosmetic concerns, progressive venous disease can lead to chronic leg swelling, skin discolouration, venous eczema, bleeding varicose veins, recurrent superficial thrombophlebitis and painful venous leg ulcers. Early treatment can help prevent these complications and improve quality of life.

Can venous disease be prevented?

Although not all cases can be prevented, you can reduce your risk by maintaining a healthy weight, exercising regularly, avoiding prolonged standing or sitting, elevating your legs when resting, staying well hydrated and wearing compression stockings if recommended by your doctor. People with a family history of venous disease may benefit from early assessment if symptoms develop.

When should I see a vascular specialist for venous disease?

You should consult a vascular specialist if you experience persistent leg swelling, painful or enlarging varicose veins, skin discolouration around the ankles, recurrent leg ulcers, bleeding from varicose veins or symptoms that interfere with your daily activities. Sudden swelling, pain or redness in one leg should be assessed promptly to exclude deep vein thrombosis (DVT).

我们的筛查套餐（非保险）

静脉曲张筛查套餐（单腿）

咨询及审查 – 评估病史、危险因素、生活方式、症状
考试 – 检查分布和解剖结构以及评估皮肤问题
超声反流扫描 – 检查静脉功能不全（两条腿加$450 + GST）
$799 + 商品及服务税

蜘蛛静脉筛查套餐（单腿）

咨询及审查 – 评估病史、危险因素、生活方式、症状
考试 – 检查分布和解剖结构以及评估皮肤问题
1次激光治疗 –（附加课程 $450 + GST）
$766 +商品及服务税

静脉曲张蜘蛛静脉套餐（单腿）

咨询及审查 – 评估病史、危险因素、生活方式、症状
考试 – 检查分布和解剖结构以及评估皮肤问题
超声反流扫描 – 检查静脉功能不全（两条腿加$450 + GST）
1次蜘蛛静脉激光治疗 （额外会议 450 + GST）
$1,460 + GST（两条腿 - 添加 $400 + GST）

糖尿病足筛查（基础）

咨询及审查 – 评估病史、危险因素、生活方式、症状
考试 – 检查血液循环、足弓生物力学、感觉丧失
踝臂压力指数（实验室） – 检查腿部的血流量
验血 – 检查 3 个月内的平均血糖水平
$498 + 商品及服务税

糖尿病足筛查（广泛）

咨询及审查 – 评估病史、危险因素、生活方式、症状
考试 – 检查血液循环、足弓生物力学、感觉丧失
踝臂压力指数（实验室） – 检查腿部的血流量
验血 – 检查 3 个月内的平均血糖水平
单腿动脉双工 – 识别特定动脉问题（额外腿部扫描 $400 + GST）
一只脚的X光检查 – 检查骨骼感染
$966 + 商品及服务税

心血管筛查（正常）

咨询及审查 – 评估病史、危险因素、生活方式、症状
考试 – 全面的心血管检查，包括心脏和四肢动脉
踝臂压力指数（实验室） – 这是长寿和心血管健康的标志
血液检查（血脂） – 检查所有类型的胆固醇
颈动脉扫描 – 识别大脑动脉阻塞从而导致中风
超声心动图 – 识别心肌功能
$1,446 + 消费税

心血管筛查（综合）

咨询及审查 – 评估病史、危险因素、生活方式、症状
考试 – 全面的心血管检查，包括心脏和四肢动脉
踝臂压力指数（实验室） – 这是长寿和心血管健康的标志
血液检查（血脂） – 检查所有类型的胆固醇
颈动脉扫描 – 识别大脑动脉阻塞从而导致中风
CT冠状动脉造影加钙评分 – 识别心脏动脉阻塞的黄金标准
$2,544 + 消费税

我们的医生

MBChB、FRCS（玻璃）、FRCS（英语）、FRCS（Gen）、FAMS

文学硕士、医学学士（外科优异）、英国皇家外科学院格拉斯分校医学博士（剑桥）、英国皇家外科学院院士（普通外科医师学会会员）、美国外科学院院士（FAMS）、英国外科学院院士（CWSP）

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静脉疾病