{"id":12246,"date":"2024-09-16T04:47:25","date_gmt":"2024-09-16T04:47:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pato.com.sg\/vascularclinicwebsite\/?post_type=conditions-managed&p=12246"},"modified":"2025-03-25T09:07:26","modified_gmt":"2025-03-25T09:07:26","slug":"pulmonary-embolism","status":"publish","type":"conditions-managed","link":"https:\/\/www.vascularclinic.sg\/vi\/conditions-managed\/what-is-a-pulmonary-embolism\/","title":{"rendered":"Thuy\u00ean t\u1eafc ph\u1ed5i l\u00e0 g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u0110\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean kh\u00f3 th\u1edf<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u0110au ng\u1ef1c, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u0111au tim<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Ho ra m\u00e1u<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Nh\u1ecbp tim nhanh<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Ch\u00f3ng m\u1eb7t ho\u1eb7c ng\u1ea5t x\u1ec9u<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y ra PE l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>

Thuy\u00ean t\u1eafc ph\u1ed5i (PE) ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 do c\u1ee5c m\u00e1u \u0111\u00f4ng di chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ed5i t\u1eeb c\u00e1c t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch \u1edf ch\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 (huy\u1ebft kh\u1ed1i t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch s\u00e2u<\/a>ho\u1eb7c DVT). Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 r\u1ee7i ro ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn:<\/p>

  1. Huy\u1ebft kh\u1ed1i t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch s\u00e2u (DVT):<\/strong> Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t g\u00e2y ra PE l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee5c m\u00e1u \u0111\u00f4ng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh trong c\u00e1c t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch s\u00e2u \u1edf ch\u00e2n.

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  2. B\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i:<\/strong> Ng\u1ed3i ho\u1eb7c n\u1eb1m trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 trong c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn bay d\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c n\u1eb1m ngh\u1ec9 tr\u00ean gi\u01b0\u1eddng sau ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee5c m\u00e1u \u0111\u00f4ng.

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  3. Ca ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1ee7 thu\u1eadt ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee7 thu\u1eadt li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00e2n, b\u1ee5ng ho\u1eb7c x\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1eadu, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee5c m\u00e1u \u0111\u00f4ng.

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  4. B\u1ec7nh ung th\u01b0:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ec7nh ung th\u01b0 v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e1u.

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  5. Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u1ed9i ti\u1ebft t\u1ed1:<\/strong> Li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p thay th\u1ebf hormone, thu\u1ed1c tr\u00e1nh thai ho\u1eb7c mang thai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 do nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e1u.

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  6. B\u00e9o ph\u00ec:<\/strong> C\u00e2n n\u1eb7ng d\u01b0 th\u1eeba c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 m\u1eafc DVT.

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  7. H\u00fat thu\u1ed1c:<\/strong> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u v\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e1u.

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  8. Tu\u1ed5i:<\/strong> Nguy c\u01a1 m\u1eafc PE t\u0103ng theo tu\u1ed5i t\u00e1c, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean 60 tu\u1ed5i.

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  9. \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n di truy\u1ec1n:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eafc ch\u1ee9ng r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n di truy\u1ec1n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e1u, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 m\u1eafc DVT v\u00e0 PE.

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  10. B\u1ec7nh m\u00e3n t\u00ednh:<\/strong> C\u00e1c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ec7nh tim, b\u1ec7nh ph\u1ed5i v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh vi\u00eam ru\u1ed9t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1.<\/li><\/ol>

    C\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1edb y khoa v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean y t\u1ebf sau ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 thuy\u00ean t\u1eafc ph\u1ed5i.<\/p>

    L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n thuy\u00ean t\u1eafc ph\u1ed5i?<\/h2>

    Thuy\u00ean t\u1eafc ph\u1ed5i (PE) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n th\u00f4ng qua s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng, x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi l\u00e0 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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    1. \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng:<\/strong> B\u00e1c s\u0129 chuy\u00ean khoa m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u s\u1ebd ghi l\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed b\u1ec7nh chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1m s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe. C\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f3 th\u1edf \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t, \u0111au ng\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ho ra m\u00e1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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    2. X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m D-dimer:<\/strong> X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m m\u00e1u \u0111o s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a D-dimer, m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng khi c\u1ee5c m\u00e1u \u0111\u00f4ng tan. N\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 cao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ee3i \u00fd c\u1ee5c m\u00e1u \u0111\u00f4ng, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7u cho PE.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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    3. Ki\u1ec3m tra h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh:

    <\/b>a. Ch\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch ph\u1ed5i b\u1eb1ng CT (CTPA):<\/strong> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn PE. X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m ti\u00eam thu\u1ed1c c\u1ea3n quang v\u00e0o m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u v\u00e0 ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh chi ti\u1ebft ph\u1ed5i.

    b. Qu\u00e9t th\u00f4ng kh\u00ed-t\u01b0\u1edbi m\u00e1u (V\/Q):<\/strong> X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed (th\u00f4ng kh\u00ed) v\u00e0 l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e1u (t\u01b0\u1edbi m\u00e1u) trong ph\u1ed5i. X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khi CTPA kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.

    c. Si\u00eau \u00e2m:<\/strong> \u0110\u00f4i khi, si\u00eau \u00e2m ch\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra huy\u1ebft kh\u1ed1i t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch s\u00e2u (DVT), c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn PE.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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    4. Ch\u1ee5p X-quang ng\u1ef1c: <\/b>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn v\u1ec1 PE, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5c m\u00e1u \u0111\u00f4ng.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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    5. Ch\u1ee5p c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb (MRI):<\/strong> Th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee5p CT.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    6. Ch\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch ph\u1ed5i: <\/b>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee7 thu\u1eadt x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n v\u00e0 \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ng\u00e0y nay nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n PE m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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    S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y gi\u00fap x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a thuy\u00ean t\u1eafc ph\u1ed5i.<\/p>

    PE \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/h2>

    Vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb thuy\u00ean t\u1eafc ph\u1ed5i (PE) nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee5c m\u00e1u \u0111\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp theo, l\u00e0m tan c\u1ee5c m\u00e1u \u0111\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a PE v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ch\u00ednh:<\/p>

    1. Thu\u1ed1c ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e1u (thu\u1ed1c l\u00e0m lo\u00e3ng m\u00e1u):
      <\/strong>
      a. Heparin:<\/strong> Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eam t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch ho\u1eb7c ti\u00eam d\u01b0\u1edbi da t\u1ea1i b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e1u nhanh ch\u00f3ng.

      b. Warfarin:<\/strong> Thu\u1ed1c ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng u\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u sau li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p heparin ban \u0111\u1ea7u.

      c. Thu\u1ed1c ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e1u tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng u\u1ed1ng (DOAC):<\/strong> C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c nh\u01b0 rivaroxaban, apixaban v\u00e0 edoxaban c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho c\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ban \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n.

      <\/li>
    2. Thu\u1ed1c ti\u00eau huy\u1ebft kh\u1ed1i (thu\u1ed1c ph\u00e1 c\u1ee5c m\u00e1u \u0111\u00f4ng):<\/strong> Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p PE nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 t\u1eed vong ho\u1eb7c bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. Thu\u1ed1c ti\u00eau huy\u1ebft kh\u1ed1i l\u00e0m tan c\u1ee5c m\u00e1u \u0111\u00f4ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n.

      <\/li>
    3. B\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch ch\u1ee7 d\u01b0\u1edbi (IVC):<\/strong> \u1ede nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng thu\u1ed1c ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e1u ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb t\u00e1i ph\u00e1t c\u1ee5c m\u00e1u \u0111\u00f4ng m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc IVC v\u00e0o t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch ch\u1ee7 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n c\u1ee5c m\u00e1u \u0111\u00f4ng di chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ed5i.

      <\/li>
    4. C\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt:
      <\/strong>
      a. Ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt c\u1eaft b\u1ecf kh\u1ed1i t\u1eafc m\u1ea1ch:<\/strong> Trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p hi\u1ebfm g\u1eb7p c\u1ee7a PE l\u1edbn, ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u1ee5c m\u00e1u \u0111\u00f4ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch ph\u1ed5i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c l\u1ed7 kh\u00f3a<\/a> th\u00f4ng qua t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch b\u1eb9n ho\u1eb7c c\u1ed5 v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a tia X, c\u1ee5c m\u00e1u \u0111\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00fat ra ngo\u00e0i trong khi g\u00e2y t\u00ea t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7\/an th\u1ea7n.

      <\/li>
    5. Ch\u0103m s\u00f3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3:<\/strong> Li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p oxy v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh oxy h\u00f3a.

      <\/li>
    6. Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n:<\/strong> B\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e1u d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 cao b\u1ecb c\u1ee5c m\u00e1u \u0111\u00f4ng t\u00e1i ph\u00e1t. Th\u1eddi gian \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00f9y theo c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nguy c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 3-6 th\u00e1ng.

      <\/li>
    7. Thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng:<\/strong> Khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t, duy tr\u00ec c\u00e2n n\u1eb7ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee5c m\u00e1u \u0111\u00f4ng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/li><\/ol>

      Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi PE c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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      Thu\u1ed1c ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e1u c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng g\u00ec trong \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb PE?<\/h2>

      Thu\u1ed1c ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e1u \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb thuy\u00ean t\u1eafc ph\u1ed5i (PE) b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee5c m\u00e1u \u0111\u00f4ng m\u1edbi v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5c m\u00e1u \u0111\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/p>

      1. \u1ee8c ch\u1ebf c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e1u:<\/strong> Thu\u1ed1c ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e1u can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e1u t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. Ch\u00fang nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o c\u00e1c protein c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 (y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e1u) trong m\u00e1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee5c m\u00e1u \u0111\u00f4ng. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y, thu\u1ed1c ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e1u gi\u00fap ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba c\u1ee5c m\u00e1u \u0111\u00f4ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee5c m\u00e1u \u0111\u00f4ng m\u1edbi.

        <\/li>
      2. Ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee5c m\u00e1u \u0111\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp theo:<\/strong> Khi PE x\u1ea3y ra, c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 cao b\u1ecb th\u00eam c\u1ee5c m\u00e1u \u0111\u00f4ng. Thu\u1ed1c ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e1u gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch duy tr\u00ec l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e1u v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee5c m\u00e1u \u0111\u00f4ng m\u1edbi trong t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn thuy\u00ean t\u1eafc th\u00eam.

        <\/li>
      3. Th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 c\u1ee5c m\u00e1u \u0111\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean:<\/strong> C\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 c\u1ee5c m\u00e1u \u0111\u00f4ng (ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y fibrin). B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee5c m\u00e1u \u0111\u00f4ng m\u1edbi v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 h\u00f2a tan c\u00e1c c\u1ee5c m\u00e1u \u0111\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3, thu\u1ed1c ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5c m\u00e1u \u0111\u00f4ng theo th\u1eddi gian

        <\/li>
      4. Gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng:<\/strong> B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e1u, thu\u1ed1c ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 nguy c\u01a1 bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn PE, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 t\u0103ng huy\u1ebft \u00e1p ph\u1ed5i do huy\u1ebft kh\u1ed1i m\u1ea1n t\u00ednh (CTEPH) ho\u1eb7c thuy\u00ean t\u1eafc t\u00e1i ph\u00e1t.<\/li><\/ol>

        Thu\u1ed1c ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb kh\u00e1c, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 thu\u1ed1c ti\u00eau s\u1ee3i huy\u1ebft trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 chung c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd PE. Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn thu\u1ed1c ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f4ng v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb s\u1ebd ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n, bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a PE v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n n\u00e0o.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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        \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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        C\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh cho can thi\u1ec7p ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p thuy\u00ean t\u1eafc ph\u1ed5i (PE) bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>

        1. Thuy\u00ean t\u1eafc ph\u1ed5i l\u1edbn:<\/strong> Can thi\u1ec7p ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh khi thuy\u00ean t\u1eafc l\u1edbn v\u00e0 g\u00e2y m\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh huy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9ng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng ho\u1eb7c suy tim m\u1ea1ch. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng \u0111e d\u1ecda t\u00ednh m\u1ea1ng, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e1u.

          <\/li>
        2. Li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p y khoa th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e1u ho\u1eb7c thu\u1ed1c ti\u00eau s\u1ee3i huy\u1ebft v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd x\u1ea5u \u0111i, ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan n\u1ebfu g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng c\u1ee5c m\u00e1u \u0111\u00f4ng v\u1eabn cao m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb.

          <\/li>
        3. H\u1ea1 huy\u1ebft \u00e1p nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng ho\u1eb7c s\u1ed1c:<\/strong> Khi b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n b\u1ecb t\u1ee5t huy\u1ebft \u00e1p \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb s\u1ed1c do PE, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u1ee5c m\u00e1u \u0111\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n.

          <\/li>
        4. T\u0103ng huy\u1ebft \u00e1p ph\u1ed5i do huy\u1ebft kh\u1ed1i m\u1ea1n t\u00ednh (CTEPH):<\/strong> Trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p PE m\u00e3n t\u00ednh d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u0103ng huy\u1ebft \u00e1p ph\u1ed5i dai d\u1eb3ng, c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 thu\u1eadt ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt nh\u01b0 c\u1eaft b\u1ecf n\u1ed9i m\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch ph\u1ed5i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c c\u1ee5c m\u00e1u \u0111\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch ph\u1ed5i.

          <\/li>
        5. Ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt c\u1eaft b\u1ecf kh\u1ed1i t\u1eafc m\u1ea1ch:<\/strong> Quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee5c m\u00e1u \u0111\u00f4ng kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch ph\u1ed5i. N\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t cho nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n b\u1ecb PE l\u1edbn ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p ti\u00eau huy\u1ebft kh\u1ed1i do nguy c\u01a1 ch\u1ea3y m\u00e1u.

          <\/li>
        6. S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ec7nh \u0111i k\u00e8m:<\/strong> Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c l\u00e0m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb PE, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n can thi\u1ec7p ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/li><\/ol>

          Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh can thi\u1ec7p ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n, c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a PE v\u00e0 c\u00e1c r\u1ee7i ro li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt. M\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111a ng\u00e0nh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>

          Ti\u00ean l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a thuy\u00ean t\u1eafc ph\u1ed5i (PE) thay \u0111\u1ed5i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1, bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a thuy\u00ean t\u1eafc, s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n, th\u1eddi gian ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb, v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u00ean l\u01b0\u1ee3ng:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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          1. M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a PE:<\/b><\/b><\/p>

          a. PE l\u1edbn:<\/strong> B\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n b\u1ecb PE l\u1edbn, g\u00e2y m\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh huy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 t\u1eed vong cao h\u01a1n. Ti\u00ean l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00e9m n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng can thi\u1ec7p ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c.<\/p>

          b. PE d\u01b0\u1edbi kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng:<\/strong> B\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n b\u1ecb PE b\u00e1n l\u1edbn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ti\u00ean l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd v\u1eabn c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c theo d\u00f5i v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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          2. T\u00ednh k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb: <\/b><\/b>Ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n s\u1edbm v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3. B\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e1u ho\u1eb7c ti\u00eau huy\u1ebft kh\u1ed1i th\u00edch h\u1ee3p nhanh ch\u00f3ng c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f3 ti\u00ean l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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          3. T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n: <\/b><\/b>S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh \u0111i k\u00e8m, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 b\u1ec7nh tim, b\u1ec7nh ph\u1ed5i, b\u00e9o ph\u00ec ho\u1eb7c ung th\u01b0, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u00ean l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. B\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n m\u1eafc nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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          4. Nguy c\u01a1 t\u00e1i ph\u00e1t: <\/b><\/b>Sau khi PE ban \u0111\u1ea7u, b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 t\u00e1i ph\u00e1t, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd c\u00f3 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nguy c\u01a1 huy\u1ebft kh\u1ed1i. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng thu\u1ed1c ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f4ng d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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          5. Bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n: <\/b><\/b>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u0103ng huy\u1ebft \u00e1p ph\u1ed5i do huy\u1ebft kh\u1ed1i t\u1eafc m\u1ea1ch m\u1ea1n t\u00ednh (CTEPH) nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a PE. T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u0103ng huy\u1ebft \u00e1p ph\u1ed5i dai d\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n can thi\u1ec7p ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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          6. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u1eed vong: <\/b><\/b>T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u1eed vong chung c\u1ee7a PE thay \u0111\u1ed5i, \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh t\u1eeb 2% \u0111\u1ebfn 30%, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n. PE l\u1edbn c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 t\u1eed vong cao h\u01a1n, trong khi PE b\u00e1n ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 ti\u00ean l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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          7. Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng: <\/b><\/b>Nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n h\u1ed3i ph\u1ee5c t\u1ed1t sau khi \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb PE, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c lo l\u1eafng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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          T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, trong khi ti\u00ean l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a thuy\u00ean t\u1eafc ph\u1ed5i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3. Theo d\u00f5i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nguy c\u01a1 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba t\u00e1i ph\u00e1t.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

          \n\t\t\t\t
          \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
          \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
          \n\t\t\t\t\t\t
          \n\t\t\t\t\t
          \n\t\t\t
          \n\t\t\t\t\t\t
          \n\t\t\t\t
          \n\t\t\t\t\t

          C\u00e1c g\u00f3i s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i (Phi b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m)<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
          \n\t\t\t\t
          \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"screening\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
          \n\t\t\t\t\t\t
          \n\t\t\t\t\t
          \n\t\t\t
          \n\t\t\t\t\t\t
          \n\t\t\t\t
          \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

          G\u00f3i t\u1ea7m so\u00e1t suy gi\u00e3n t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch (m\u1ed9t ch\u00e2n)<\/h4>